Journal of Education Culture and Society
The aim of the periodical is to promote the work of young talented researchers in the humanities, cultural studies, social sciences, law, economics and education and the dialogue of sciences.
Foundation Pro Scientia Publica/ University of Wrocław
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Versions of Pragmatic Liberalism: from Rorty back to Dewey
Aim. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate two versions of the theory of liberalism which emerged within the philosophical tradition of pragmatism: Richard Rorty’s “ironic liberalism” and John Dewey’s “renascent liberalism”. Methods. The study is based on: 1) comparative analysis, which shows the differences and points of contact between Dewey’s classical pragmatism and Rorty’s neo-pragmatism, in particular, between different versions of their liberal theories; 2) critical analysis, which made it possible to identify the shortcomings and advantages in the arguments of the above-mentioned philosophers. Results. The author analyzed Rorty’s and Dewey’s theories of liberalism in relation to their theories of reality, human specificity, and ethics. In this way, the specific liberal views of these American philosophers on such issues as the relationship between private and public, the main goals of politics, and the values of the social order were explicated. It allowed offering a thorough critique of Rorty’s “ironic liberalism”, and supporting of Dewey’s “renascent liberalism”. Conclusion. While Dewey saw the mission of liberalism in enabling individuals to improve their experience, Rorty insisted on the need for a liberal policy of providing the basic conditions for individual self-creation. The main disadvantage of Rorty’s neo-pragmatism, and, in particular, “ironic liberalism”, was the exclusion from the philosophy of the modifying tools of human behavior, which were expressed by the concepts of “good” or “virtue”, in Dewey’s “renascent liberalism”. This circumstance necessitates a return from Rorty back to Dewey in the discussions on pragmatic liberalism. Key words: philosophy of pragmatism, Richard Rorty, John Dewey, historicism, naturalism, liberalism.
Copyright (c) 2021 Zlatyslav Dubniak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In the shadows of interpretation: manipulative nature of translation in colliding of sacral and marginal
Aim. Aim of the article is to provide critical examination of manipulation process as multidimensional phenomenon related to imagination, representation, translation and interpreting of original texts in light of assurance of informational safety that is our research object. Our research corresponds to theory and practice of translation, psychology, comparative religious studies, international relations, public diplomacy and national security. Methods. Research methodology is based on critical analysis of manipulations with texts; the methods have been borrowed from works of Gilbert Durand (1999), Michel Maffesoli (1996) and James Frazer (2012) on social anthropology. Results. Practical value of obtained results consists in proposed algorithm for critical analysis of translated or interpreted texts that allows to evaluate their quality according to context, meaning and semiotics of the source texts. The notion of empire as an archetype that was implemented into contemporary international relations is also revised and extended. That can help in analysis and prevention of different forms and means of outside and inside tactics of deviant influence on societies and to illuminate threats for cultural identity and spiritual diversity of the global community. Conclusions. Phenomenon of marginalization of cultural and spiritual identity (sacral sphere) under the influence of globalization by the means of soft power pressure can be evaluated today as the unspoken impact of influence agents implemented into new societal institutes in the form of alien cultural imperatives that are enforced to different communities as common for all agendas in the frameworks of postmodern stream.
Copyright (c) 2021 Liudmyla Garnyk, Yurii Vitkovskyi, Khusameddin AL-Khalavani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aim. Presented study deals with the cultural dimension. It analyses external and internal human activities, that are creating the polarity develop values. The aim of the study is to clarify and connect the theoretical level of thinking with the reality of life practice, which shows the true meaning of human existence. Concept. The study highlights the importance of human thinking and decision making. Through the actions, one develops and creates the values of human dignity. The study focuses on the importance of two dimensions (horizontal and vertical dimensions of man), the relationship of man to God. Human culture includes behavior that can be learned and is shaped by the environment in which one lives. This contribution is to clarify a culture of thinking that is a reflection of the soul of human being. Since culture is not only a matter of individual dispositions but also of social reality, it is right to underline this dual aspect of the plurality dimension (Binetti et al., 2021). Conclusion. The study identifies a fundamental aspect of the culture's values, which show the potential of the soul of every human being. Human values influence thinking and actions of human being, thus creating the image of God.
Copyright (c) 2021 Patrik Maturkanič, Ivana Tomanova Cergetova, Peter Kondrla, Viktoria Kurilenko, Jose Garcia Martin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VALUE-BASED TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Aim. "The ultimate aim became the realisation of the political ideas of democracy, equality, and social justice" (Orlenius, 2001; Svingby, 1994,p. 57). The current study aimed to explore the concept of value education at Poornaprajna institutions that have adopted value education in their curriculum. Methods.The study was designed in a qualitative exploratory research approach. The researcher had adopted the interviews for a case study as a microscopic social study through observation and also studied the archival records in Poornaprajna institutions. The informal group interviews were administered as part of a qualitative research approach, and it aimed to collect data from twenty eight English teachers and students of Poornaprajna institutions. Result. The validity and trustworthiness of the study were established by adopting Miles and Hubeman's formula, and it is 0.91. The exploration and findings revealed the need and implication of value education in the present scenario. Furthermore, the data analysis revealed that value education is a process that begins at home and continues in society, and further, it continues in formal educational institutions. Conclusion. The study envisions that the educational institutions must integrate the curriculum with value education so that students’ cultural worlds, meanings they attribute to behaviour, events which essentially lead to the developmental process of the society. The National Education Policy 2020, aims to universalise education in India by 2025, and it also aims at inter- and multidisciplinary approaches in Indian education. The present study juxtaposes an interdisciplinary approach to English and value education.
Copyright (c) 2021 Diwakar Prahaladaiah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNTERACTING CYBERBULLYING AGAINST CHILDREN
Goal. The essay explores into the legal basis for combatting cyberbullying against children in the age of information technologies. The key signs of cyberbullying against children include the lack of time and geographical limits; the large scale and speed of sharing abusive information, and the unlimited audiences. Methods. To achieve this goal, an empirical study was carried out, in which 180 first-year students (aged 17 years), who study at the Educational and Scientific Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education of Lviv Polytechnic National University, took part. When studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of this research problem, the following theoretical methods were employed: analysis, synthesis, generalization of data from psychological, pedagogical, scientific and methodological literature sources. Results. The phenomenon of cyberbullying against children is available in many developed countries. The research showed that children generally are well informed about the possibilities of protecting their rights in case of cyberbullying. However, the legal basis for protecting victims of cyberbullying requires the adoption of several laws. Conclusions. Most digital rights are enshrined in various UN Human Rights Resolutions that require systematization into the single codified act – The Declaration of Digital Human Rights. The need for this act is increasingly growing. In ten years, it would be difficult to think of a model democratic society. To build a legal basis in the area of e-democracy in line with international standards, it is important to adopt the laws on protection of freedom on the Internet,” and on e-democracy, which will certainly secure digital rights of children.
Copyright (c) 2021 Nataliia Lesko, Iryna Khomyshyn, Uliana Parpan, Mariia Slyvka, Maryana Tsvok http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AWARENESS AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ISSUE OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIGITAL PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ONLINE EVENTS
Aim: Since Covid 19 – social isolation process started, 131 femicides and 95 suspicious deaths occurred from April to August 2020 in Turkey. In this context, it can be construed that digital public relations and online event managements have become increasingly crucial in terms of improved social awareness. The research objective is to implement a scale, which has been developed for digital public relations, online events and awareness concepts, on persons who participated in 7 different Webinars themed on women and violence, hence to put forward the power of creating any behavioral change in awareness extent of online events in the scope of digital public relations. Methods: For this research study, a scale has been devised based on the online event model designed as per digital public relations. In this context, the survey method, one of the quantitative research method, has been used. The Cronbach Alpha measure and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic have been used in order to test reliability and adequacy of the survey, respectively, thus the reliability-adequacy measures have been determined. Results: Research findings reveal that the higher online event driven awareness is the more behavioral changes are in digital public relations; that women, when compared to men, are more responsive to digital public relations applications, and have a better level of awareness by comparison; that 18-25 age group is more responsive with better level of awareness to digital public relations applications when compared to 26-33 age group; and that parents’ educational background makes no difference in this. Conclusions: In light of the research findings, it can be seen that digital public relations applications help to create awareness in terms of online events, and also pave the way for behavioral changes. In this context, it needs highlighting that digital public relations applications should be further improved in particular matters such as violence against women in which creating awareness is crucial.
Copyright (c) 2021 Emel Tozlu Öztay http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aim. This study aims to explore and analyse qualitative research on refugee and asylum-seeker interventions for social inclusion that engages a creative, arts-based community approach. Method. The article describes a meta-study towards discovering meta-theory, meta-methods, and meta-findings across articles on the subject. For this purpose, a broad database search was conducted, which resulted in a total of 7 articles after filtering according to the previously defined exclusion criteria. These articles were analysed by two independent researchers and later reviewed by two independent evaluators. Results and conclusion. There was an overarching lack of definitions and distinction of and for the terms refugee, migrant and asylum-seeker. A similar problem could also be found regarding social inclusion and integration which were, at times, used interchangeably. Additionally, the majority of the studies opted for an ethnographic approach despite choosing different methods within the said approach. Concerning the meta findings, three main themes emerged across research: space of expression and confidence; transformation process to agency and citizenship; and exchange and dialogue between the host community and arrivals. These themes were discussed and reflected upon, and limitations were pointed out. Originality. Having identified the lack of refugee and asylum-seeker voices within migration studies, this article sets out to counteract this issue by having included only those articles that provided space for refugee and asylum-seeking individuals to speak up, thereby authentically understanding arts-based social inclusion interventions from a new and neglected angle.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ana I. Alves Moreira, Antonia L. P. Jakobi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WHAT IS THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF (THE IDEAL OF) SCIENTIFIC TRUTH?
Aim. This paper elucidates how the emergent impact agenda is slowly but surely changing the normative framework of modern Western science. Method. The paper investigates conceptually the implications of the impact agenda for the research process. We outline a chronology around the evaluation regime of research impact and identify the causal mechanisms that change the disciplinary structure of the research ecosystem. We draw upon a sociological model of scientific knowledge production to contrast and discuss how impact facts mimic the process of scientific knowledge production but are geared towards a different end. Results. Our findings indicate that an explicit emphasis on societal contribution not only propositions a different purpose of research, but also changes the logic of research along its entire construction. The impact logic mimics the creation of scientific facts; nevertheless, as it is geared towards a different end, it hermetically seals itself from criticism as any form of scrutiny would otherwise undermine its own legitimacy. Conclusion. We conclude that only explicit acknowledgement of the adverse potential of the impact agenda can maintain science’s benefit to society. We argue that an emphasis on the advancement of knowledge, as opposed to impact, can maintain innovation and preempt social tension. The contribution of this paper lies in identifying the societal influence of the scientific ideal of truth, and articulating the unintended consequences of the impact agenda as the emerging impact or starve paradigm.
Copyright (c) 2021 Rene Brauer, Mirek Dymitrow, Filipe Worsdell, John Walsh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ONLINE FORMS OF TEACHING
Aim. The paper presents results of a questionnaire survey which aim was to find out English learners´ preferences of different platforms and applications to be used for home schooling. Concept. Key attention of the authors is paid to the issue of the transition of face-to-face forms of education to online platforms, caused by school closures due to the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. At first, they deal with the use of digital technologies in teaching in general. They analyse how digital didactic means were used prior to the pandemic situation and they present research results related to differences among the ways of the use of these means within different subjects teaching (natural science subjects, technically oriented subjects, languages, social science subjects, artwork subjects). Consequently, the authors deal with the methodological aspects of the use of online forms in foreign language teaching. Methodology. To find answer to such questions as which educational form, school education or home schooling, is more preferred by English learners, what are the strengths and weaknesses of home schooling, which foreign language skills are being practiced via online Zoom lessons, which foreign language skills are being practiced via worksheets, or which mobile applications are used to enlarge students` vocabulary range, a questionnaire survey was carried out. Respondents of the survey were English learners, secondary vocational school students,,aged from 16 to 20 year-olds. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of the data recorded from the learners` responses to the particular questionnaire items as the most significant three weaknesses of the home schooling were identified technical problems, more homework and lack of social contacts, while as the main strengths were found out home comfort, sufficient sleeping time and less dense timetable.
Copyright (c) 2021 Alena Haskova, Zdenka Gadusova, Romana Havettova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Culture education-based model for the modern organisation
Aim. The aim of the research is to support the organisation’s management through raising awareness on cultural diversity in the multicultural environment, and presenting a complex model covering the cultural issues in the multicultural organisation. Methods. The model has been developed based on the research carried out between 2018 and 2021 in the Cultural Risk in the Organisation in the Globalisation Era – Competences vs. Reality project. The author used literature review and a survey questionnaire as research methods. To develop the model for staff management at a multicultural organisation, a survey questionnaire directed to 154 staff members of multicultural organisations in five countries (Poland, Italy, Latvia, Cyprus, and the UK) was used. Results. As a result of the analysis, the following key areas have been identified: cross-cultural awareness, understanding different cultures, stereotypes, communication, teamwork, leadership and hierarchy, learning styles, and qualities in the workplace. The improvement of the staff in the aforementioned areas makes them more aware of the cultural diversity in organisations and of different cultural risks that may occur. Conclusions. There is a strong need for a continued consideration and improvement of the awareness regarding cultural diversity, as it is an element of modern and changing economy which may influence the continuity of every organisation. Cognitive value. Key topics related to competences for mitigating cultural risks were identified. They were used as elements of the complex model which can be used at a multicultural organisation in the process of training the staff in the area of cultural diversity.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ludmiła Walaszczyk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF CIVIC IDENTITY FORMATION
Aim. The research aims to present the psychological concept of civic identity formation, namely author's view on the nature of civic identity, the stages and psychological mechanisms of civic identity formation. Methods. A system of general scientific methods was used: analysis and synthesis of the main provisions of research sources on the study of civic identity as a complex multidimensional personality formation, comprehension of the psychological foundations of civic identity, systematization and generalization of scientific provisions on the stages and mechanisms of identity. Results. It is proposed to consider civic identity as a kind of organizational identity, which is self-determination in the organizational environment of the state, as well as self-identification with the role of a citizen and is the primary psychological regulator of civic behavior. The main stages of civic identity formation are: perceptual-systemic, normative-community and individual-integrational. The main mechanisms of formation of civic identity are: internalization of stereotypes and attitudes of citizenship; imitation of models of civic behavior; individuation of the meanings (sense) of citizenship; exteriorization of stereotypes, attitudes and patterns of civic behavior; implementation of the experience of interaction with the state and fellow citizens; comprehension of one's own citizenship. Conclusions. Formation of civic identity (civic protoidentity – reproductive civic identity – productive civic identity) is a dynamic process that has staged nature as it involves a series of successive stages, at each of which civic identity undergoes qualitative changes and is formed as an individual's awareness and reflection of his/her place, role and degree of activity in the system of interaction with other citizens and the state.
Copyright (c) 2021 Inha Petrovska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation between the individual’s experience of well-being and social evaluation
Aim. The aim of this paper is to define the correlation between social evaluation and personal well-being. Methods. The study involved the citizens of Chernihiv (average age – 31.5 years old): 91 people in total, 37 men and 54 women. The following methods were used: the scale of satisfaction with life scale by Diener, as adapted by Leontiev and Osin (2008); questionnaire of parameters of subjective social well-being by Danylchenko (2015); subjective life satisfaction scale by Lybyna (2008), questionnaire on the peculiarities of evaluation by other people by Danylchenko (2019). Results and conclusion. In Ukrainian society, the most important reference groups are parents and a spouse, while friends and colleagues play a comparatively smaller role. All these groups are more likely to give positive and neutral social evaluations. However, negative evaluations are more likely to come from colleagues and friends, and positive – from family. There are differences in indicators of subjective well-being, social acceptance (as a measure of social well-being) and competence between people who are assessed predominantly positively and predominantly negatively. Subjective well-being is reduced reproaches from reference groups. Praise contributes to the enhancement of subjective social well-being Comparison with other people and the existence of a role model reduces psychological well-being. The filter for the perception of positive and negative evaluations from the social environment is a person’s self-acceptance.
Copyright (c) 2021 Tetiana Danylchenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Gender and Caste Intersectionality among Muslims: A Sociological Study
Aim Caste studies conducted among Muslims in India generally focus on establishing the existence of caste system among Muslims but they seldom talk about different types of oppression and inequalities faced byMuslim women.This empirical study exploreshow gender and caste identities and their mutual intersectionality impact education,occupation and income choices and actual attainments of Muslim women. Methods This study is part of a larger study conducted among Muslims of Kashmir in India.Primary datawas collected from 704 eligible respondents (Male=392, Female=312) using mixed methods. Three layers of ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groups existing in the research area are identified and gender situation within these groups are comparatively examined. Results Each of the ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groupshas patriarchal caste capital.Higher professions within the government and private services are largely acquired by upper caste male Muslims or other male and female Muslims having rich cultural and social capital. There is preponderance of lower caste male Muslims in low income self-employment but lower caste Muslim females seldom find say in family based business and compelled to join low paid private jobs. More than fifty percent educated Muslim females are unemployed. Conclusion Although patriarchy is the general rule here, not all women face discrimination and inequality in the same way. Upper caste Muslim women often witness so called benevolent restriction of choices whereas lower caste women are the most excluded and marginalised section of the society who face double discrimination due to patriarchy and interwoven caste positions which severely impacts their educational as well as employment choices and attainments.
Copyright (c) 2021 Rabiya Yaseen Bazaz, Mohammad Akram http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding mental health help-seeking preferences of Chinese young overseas students, and their perceived barriers and facilitators to seek help
Aim. The research explores the mental health help-seeking preferences of Chinese young overseas students (CYOS) as well as their perceived barriers and facilitators to seek help. Methods. Eight Chinese young overseas students who are currently studying in the US were interviewed, and a thematic analysis was undertaken on their responses. Conclusions. Five barriers and six facilitators were identified. Young overseas students considered perceiving the problems as not serious, negative attitude toward help seeking, being not willing to burden somebody else, lack of understanding of the process of mental health support, and issues of confidentiality and trust as the most important barriers to help seeking. Facilitators include positive attitudes towards help seeking, positive relationship with help providers, perceiving the problem as serious, easy access, confidentiality and trust, and previous habit of seeking help. Research restrictions. The samples are relatively homogeneous and could not represent all CYOS and thus lacked generalizability. Only interviews were applied for data collection, which has an impact on the credibility and trustworthiness of the research. Practical application. Strategies for improving help-seeking should focus on improving mental health literacy of these young people, their peers and parents, building positive relationships with help providers, and cultivating good help-seeking habits before they go abroad.
Copyright (c) 2021 Fengjiao Liu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Formation and Development of Women’s Secondary Education in Volyn in the 19th–the Beginning of the 20th Century
Aim. The article aims to analyse the formation and development of women’s secondary education in Volyn in the 19th-early 20th centuries under historical, sociocultural, and religious factors. Methods. The authors describe the historical, sociocultural, and religious situation in Volyn of the late 19th-early 20th centuries and apply comparative diachronic and synchronous analyses of the charters of the educational institutions for girls, their curricula and weekly workload. Systematised pedagogical approaches to teaching and testing students of the analysed schools are used. Results and conclusion. The formation and development of women’s education in Volyn in the 19th-early 20th centuries represents a natural, consistent change in the content and structure of educational processes under certain specific historical conditions. Due to subordination changes in the region, private Orthodox boarding houses for noble girls became widespread in Volyn. Ostroh Women’s Specialised School, founded by Countess Antonina Bludova, underwent a qualitative and structural transformation under the influence of specific historical events. Both Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School and the Bratsvo School aimed to raise a certified woman who can teach children at home and other educational institutions. Analysis of the statutes of educational institutions, programmes of academic disciplines, and weekly workload indicates following the educational sequence principle. In Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School, attention was paid to general disciplines in the first years of study (arithmetics, languages, geography, general history etc.). At the last stage (4th grade), students were taught pedagogy (methodology) directly related to their future profession.
Copyright (c) 2021 Lesia Kotsiuk, Oksana Kostiuk, Inna Kovalchuk, Viktoria Polishchuk, Vadym Bobkov http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organisational foundations of functioning of the Right-Bank Ukraine orthodox brotherhoods from the 1850s to 1900s
Aim. This research aims to reveal the peculiarities of standardization and organizational principles behind the functioning of Orthodox brotherhoods on the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine from the 1850s to the 1900s. Methods. Methodologically, the authors of the work rely on the principles of novelty, objectivity, and historicism and employ general scientific methods (internal criticism of the sources, analysis, synthesis, generalization). Results. The study revealed that during the second half of the 19th century, the activity of Orthodox brotherhoods on the territories controlled by the Russian Empire was regulated by the law “Basic Rules for the Establishment of the Orthodox Church Brotherhoods” which regulated the prioritized tasks, membership and main vectors of their work. At the beginning of the 20th century, some changes occurred in the social-political life of the Russian Empire, which also affected the position of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Right-Bank Ukraine. Conclusion. The church authorities devoted considerable efforts to revitalizing and restoring the activity of the Orthodox brotherhoods at the beginning of the 20th century. In order to find new solutions to the situation, they discussed the further functioning of the fraternities at the congresses in which participated the representatives of the Orthodox brotherhoods of the western provinces of the Russian Empire. Thus, the church management controlled brotherhoods and channelled them into the required course of action.
Copyright (c) 2021 Andrii Smyrnov, Oksana Aloshyna, Zhanna Yankovska, Mykola Blyzniak, Volodymyr Marchuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Necessity of improvement of foreign language teaching in the Slovak Republic
Aim. The aim of the research study was to investigate the opinions of the Slovakian secondary school foreign language teachers and learn about their views on the system of education in the field of enhancement of teachers` professional qualifications. Methods. To perform the results of the study the method of focus group was used. Results. The results of the presented research show the differences between the perception of foreign language education in the past and how it appears today through the views of selected number of foreign language teachers in Slovakia. The pivotal role is played by the technological skills of the students and their ability to use information technologies instructed in foreign languages. The research results also indicate the possibilities of teachers to get in direct contact with the target foreign language as a part of their professional development. The research participants also specified the factors that they considered the most influential in the process of foreign language learning. Conclusion. The purpose of the article is to discuss the urge to achieve highly professional foreign language education in today`s technological society. As shown by the results obtained from the focus group, the teachers/participants agreed on a single highly impactful factor: family.
Copyright (c) 2021 Marcela Šarvajcová, Monika Štrbová http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pedagogical Design of the Technology of Students’ Multicultural Competence at Higher Education Institutions
Aim. The aim of the research is to justify the theoretical and methodological bases of multicultural education and verify experimentally the efficiency of the pedagogical technology of forming students’ multicultural competence at higher education institutions. Methods. The study reviews the changes in the levels of students’ multicultural competence. The methodological bases of the study are theories of language multicultural education, the unity of language and culture, multi-perspective learning, “cultural differences,” social learning, neo-Freudian theory, self-determination theory, developmental learning theory. Results. The realisation of the ideas of multiculturalism has a positive effect on the harmonious development, cultivates a tolerant attitude to other ethnic groups and peoples, promotes good neighbourly relations, effective conflict resolution, intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding. Acquiring these characteristics, students entirely understand national and universal values, and are able to interact constructively in the modern multicultural world at a sustainable level. Conclusions. The implementation of the developed pedagogical conditions and the author’s pedagogical technology of forming students’ multicultural competence at higher education institutions contributed to a significant increase in the levels of their multicultural competence. This was confirmed by statistical changes in the level of students’ multicultural competence of the experimental group compared to the control group: the number of students with stable (by 34,3%) and situational (by 12,7%) levels significantly increased, the number of students with fragmentary level decreased (by 47%). Thus, the obtained results prove that the developed pedagogical technology is effective for forming students’ multicultural competence.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ruslan Kravets http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Coherence Problems of EFL Students’ Writing in Light of the Gricean Maxims
Aim. In academic writing, lack of coherence is thought to occur mostly due to the lack of necessary linguistic skills and knowledge in L2. Thus, the analysis of a written text is concerned with understanding the local relations among the ideas conveyed in a text. Concept. As is usually the case, students writing in a second language generally produce texts that contain varying degrees of grammatical and rhetorical errors. Most of the studies have been conducted with only one criterion for the analysis of coherence and they reported different results. Also, most of them have been conducted on a small scale in terms of the number of participants, and writing samples collected. Therefore, this study tries to investigate the coherence problems/errors of university students in their writing, if any, on a fairly large scale in light of the Cooperative principle and its maxims. Results and conclusion. The study revealed that the basic problem of the students in their essay writing was the way the text should be structured with reference to how cohesion and coherence are established. In the analysis of maxim violations, the violation of the Quality maxim was identified as making overgeneralisations or giving inadequate or no evidence/support for the claims/ideas. The violation of the Quality maxim indicates that students tend to do it due to their linguistic inadequacies.
Copyright (c) 2021 Fatemeh Khonamari, Ehsan Hashemi, Martina Pavlikova, Bozena Petrasova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educational priorities in a post pandemic world
This article attempts to bring together the most important educational priorities which should be taken into consideration when planning education in a world recovering from a pandemic. Some of the priorities discussed here should have already been taken into account during the 20th century, whilst others are completely new and result from changes that have come about in the 21st century, such as increased arrogance, ignorance, authoritarianism, educational insecurity, contempt for nature, confusion and the promotion of the lies under the name of post-truth . The authors propose a holistic approach to the education process, focused on priorities. In turn, the definition of those priorities should result from the most important problems that affect humanity.
Copyright (c) 2021 Aleksander Kobylarek; Peter Plavčan, Taher Amini Golestani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ONTOLOGICAL SECURITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL: ATTACHMENT STYLES AND COPING STRATEGIES
Aim. The aim of this paper is to theoretically substantiate individual’s attachment as a need for ontological security, to outline the educational aspects of supporting the ontological security, and to empirically investigate the attachment styles and coping strategies of individuals in early and middle adulthood. Methods. The article is based on an extensive review of the literature, which involves the use of such methods as interpretation (of previously unexplained psychological aspects of ontological security) and comparative analysis (of the views of Ronald Laing and family psychotherapists). An empirical study was conducted. The study group consisted of 90 persons: 45 male and 45 female, at the age of early and middle adulthood. The research used a number of psychological methods to study different types of attachments, relationships, personality traits and coping strategies that help overcome ontological insecurity. The method of statistical and mathematical analysis of results was also applied. Results. Ontological security is a marker of positive types of attachment. Our empirical research has shown that people with anxious attachment more often overcome ontological insecurity by positively rethinking the problem, which can lead to an underestimation of the possibilities of its effective solution. People with a reliable attachment are ontologically secure due to mutual trust, responsibility, problem analysis and planning, which eliminate escape strategies and problem avoidance. Conclusions. Ontological security-insecurity manifests itself in different types of attachments and corresponding coping strategies. The results showed the importance of developing and adapting the methodology of ontological protection for Ukrainian socio-cultural realities. This technique is being prepared to be operationalized with the scales of psychological techniques used in this study.
Copyright (c) 2021 Nadiya Hapon, Anna Vovk, Iryna Snyadanko, Liliya Fedyna http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Life strategies of senior students as the ability to determine life purposes in modern circumstances
Aim. The purpose of this article is to define the scientific paradigm in understanding of the concept of “life strategies of a person” and to conduct an empirical research in order to determine average values of indicators of life meaningfulness and subjective perception of the past, present, and future of senior students in Latvia. Methods. The research is based on the theoretical study of different conceptual approaches to comprehension of the phenomenon life strategies. Following research methods were used:1) Dmitry Leontiev’s test defined in “purpose life orientations” method (2006); for data acquisition; 2) a method “past, present and future” by Svetlana Mezhvidova (2001); 3) “colour test” method invented by Max Lüscher (1990). For processing data following analysis methods were used: processing of quantitative data by applying methods of mathematical analysis of statistical data as well as forecasting analytical methods.; Student’s t-test to compare medians of two independent samples; Spearman’s rank correlation; processing of qualitative data: content study and analysis, coding and processing of the obtained data; elucidation of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results and conclusions. The theoretical analysis suggests that there is a definite scientific paradigm in understanding of the concept of life strategies of senior students. The empirical research showed that Latvian senior students have the average indicators of sense life orientations and that they are quite low according to statistically different scales. It characterises the insufficient process of setting and defining goals by senior students, the achievement of which would help them acquire the sense of meaningfulness, direction, and hopefulness of future life.
Copyright (c) 2021 Marina Marchenoka http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formation of sustainable development competencies in primary school children
Aim. The article provides a new solution to the problem of the formation of sustainable development competencies in primary school students. The objective of the article is to substantiate the method of forming sustainable development competencies in primary school students and to reflect it in the model. Methods. The main research methods are observation, test, interview, questionnaire, analysis of media works, expert evaluation, and pedagogical experiment. A set of diagnostic tools has been specified. Results and Conclusions. The efficiency of the developed technique has been proved with the results obtained from the experiment: the partnership of teachers, students and parents contributes to sustainability competencies formation; implementation of common areas of media education and education for sustainable development evidenced to feasibility of the research, namely: education in legal, economic aspects, creation of media products with a projection to sustainable development, learning critical perception of mass media information, sustainability goals orientation. Due to the introduction of the experimental methodology, the number of students with high (12.07%) and satisfactory (14.65%) levels of the key competencies in the field of sustainable development increased against the background of a decrease in the number of respondents with sufficient (12.93%) and low (13.79%) levels. Originality. Emphasis is placed on the features of the designed methodology: application of partnership pedagogy and pedagogy of empowerment, integration of education for sustainable development with media education, compliance with a number of pedagogical conditions, forms and methods.
Copyright (c) 2021 Iryna Levchyk, Hanna Chaikovska, Oleksandra Yankovych; Iryna Kuzma ; Tetiana Rozhko-Pavlyshyn http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE AFTERMATH OF COVID-19 ON STUDENTS’ EDUCATION AND HEALTH IN INDIAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A SURVEY
Aim. This paper aims to bring forth how the basic right of education got adversely affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unplanned and immediate shift to online classes adversely affected the students’ physical and mental health as several issues that the students faced were related to the lack of adequate resources. Methods. The data for this paper were collected through a self-prepared and structured questionnaire, using Google forms, which was then circulated among different stakeholders of the educational institutes. The statistical analysis of the collected data was done using Microsoft Excel. Results and conclusion. According to the analysis of the survey, smartphones (75% of the total respondents) are relatively more accessible by students in comparison to computers or laptops (53%). And even if students had internet connectivity (57%), they faced issues of low data bandwidth (39%) leading to poor quality of online interaction in classes. Another important analysis suggested that 57% of students lacked a quiet room or space to attend the online classes in their homes. Finally, the negative impacts of online classes on the physical and mental health of students were also analysed. Cognitive value. The findings and the analysis of this paper would thus help teachers and institutions to understand students’ views and experiences of the pandemic. This understanding would help teachers to plan their teaching plans accordingly bridging the digital divide which would help students learn and grow.
Copyright (c) 2021 Pooja Mann, Bhoomika Mann http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Year of Enduring COVID-19: Typology of Attitudes Displayed by Health Care Professionals in Ukraine
Aim. Identification and construction of the typology of attitudes of health care professionals in Ukraine to the current COVID-19 situation and vaccination process. Methods. Transcripts of 49 semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis constituted the subject matter of the analysis. On the basis of the categories identified within the thematic analysis process, a typology was developed, with due account of two parameters: the idea about the origin of the virus: artificial or natural, and the attitude of the informants to the policy (implementation of policy decisions) chosen by the authorities to fight the virus. Combination of these two parameters gives four standpoints—types of attitude of health care professionals to the risks associated with COVID-19. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results has enabled to outline the problem field for assessing the risk of COVID-19, which includes three topics, as well as to point out four typical standpoints in the attitude displayed by health care professionals that are marked as “magical thinking,” “technological thinking,” “negativistic thinking,” “critical thinking.” Originality. The research was conducted during the third wave of coronavirus in Ukraine, therefore, it reflects the analysed opinions of health care professionals about the threat of COVID-19 and vaccination process. The fact that the research was performed using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of changes in the COVID-19 situation.
Copyright (c) 2021 Maryna Klimanska, Larysa Klymanska, Inna Haletska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ONLINE TEACHING AND GRADING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – ATTITUDES OF CROATIAN STUDENTS
Aim. Extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to new ways of learning and teaching, with students and teachers facing many challenges. The aim of the research was to examine attitudes and to determine the impressions and experiences of respondents regarding online teaching as well as to investigate and evaluate learning goals with regard to the SARS-COV-2 virus pandemic. Methods. The research was conducted in the Republic of Croatia on a sample of 1533 university students. A survey questionnaire designed specifically for the purposes of this research was used.Consisted of three independent variables and ten dependent variables related to online teaching. Results. The data obtained show that in online teaching, the respondents mostly used programs such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams and Merlin, while the least of them used Skype. Regarding testing and assessment, i.e. the grading of success in online teaching, respondents stated that teachers had mostly used colloquia (20.6%) and written exams (19.8%) for grading, while live exams had been used the least. The largest number of research participants, 61.9% of them, expressed the opinion that the criteria and grading procedures were clear and published before individual teaching units Conclusion. Faculties should design different syllabuses for conducting online classes. Centres should be provided/established with the task of collecting digital teaching materials, processing, and storing them, and making them available to teachers and students.
Copyright (c) 2021 Maja Ružić-Baf, Sandra Kadum, Katarina Kvaranta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On cognitive tensions. The mediating function of a symbol through the lens of Kleinian psychoanalysis and Peirce semiotic
Aim. The foundation of symbolization is a substitution: a mediation between a Representamen and Object. The paper leverages this core mechanic to examine the substitutions within the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, which compose every act of thinking. Recognizing it is a single instance: the Ego, which regulates this parallel mediation, the paper focuses on the exploration of dichotomies that result from the necessity to perform two symbolizations simultaneously. Concepts. The study’s theoretical framework is determined by Charles S. Peirce’s (1998) concept of sign and Melanie Klein’s (1948) psychoanalytic theory. From semiotic and psychoanalytic angles, this paper explores possible comprehensions of the object in the quasi-mind (Interpretant in infinite semiosis) and actual realization of code in the act of individual thinking (Ego mediating between conscious and unconscious symbolization). Results and conclusion. The main result of the study is the exposure of dichotomies that structure the shared ground for the conscious and the unconscious symbolization. This, in turn, highlights tangible constraints that the mind is subjected to in the act of thinking. Cognitive value. The study’s main contribution is the high-level scheme of dynamics that hold the Ego in reality through the means of unconscious and conscious symbolization. The study also incorporates into coherent model unexamined aspects of individual sign usage: it deploys psychic continuity into the conscious symbolization process (by basing the model on the instance of Ego), which allows addressing the issues arising at the border of conscious and unconscious symbolization.
Copyright (c) 2021 Marta Iwaszuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cognitive Development by Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Aim/Thesis: The aim of this research is to promote the use of the three concepts-- the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), the Gettier Problem, and Corpus Linguistics (Contextual Learning)--to increase the academic performance of early undergraduate engineering students. Concept/Methods: 30 Engineering students completed one untimed Mensa IQ Test of 10 questions and one Simon-Binet IQ Test of 50 random IQ questions with a 12 minute time limit. These 30 students were chosen from two different college sections: 15 students from each section. Before the second Simon-Binet Test, one group, G(a), was given ZPD scaffolding in three major topics — Working Memory, Fluid Reasoning and Spatial Reasoning —as they had answered questions based on these concepts incorrectly in their first Mensa IQ test. The second group, G(b), was not given the ZPD scaffolding. A statistical t-test that was later performed indicated that G(a), with scaffolding, outperformed G(b), without the scaffolding, in the second IQ test. Results and conclusion: Using the t-test, it is seen that the hypothesis of this research that ZPD, Gettier Problem and Corpus Linguistics can enhance the performance of the students in a short time period is correct. After the first Mensa IQ test, the level of both the groups G(a) and G(b) of engineering students was almost the same, indicated by a very similar mean results. However, after supporting G(a) utilizing ZPD, Gettier Problem and Corpus Linguistics for their three problem areas - Working Memory, Fluid Reasoning and Spatial Reasoning - identified after their first IQ test where the students needed scaffolding, the performance of this group improved more in comparison to G(b), as indicated by the results of the second online Simon-Binet Test. Research restrictions: It was not possible to provide all the random questions of the online Simon-Binet test given to all 30 students because the total number of questions would be 30*50=1500. Only the first ten questions of the Mensa IQ test are included in this research paper. Further, the third and fourth year engineering students are not included in this research as it is assumed that they have had already developed expertise and the effect of the investigated tools would not be clearly visible. Practical application: ZPD scaffolding was applied to the students when the students’ major problem areas were identified as requiring contextual learning and support. The Gettier Problem-- an epistemological concept-- was also used to keep their mind open at all the times during the learning process and Linguistics Corpus gave the contextual support as ZPD proposes the social-contextual mode of learning. Originality/Cognitive value: The paper presents empirical research on engineering students demonstrating the practical utility of ZPD, Gettier Problem and Corpus Linguistics in the process of learning, potentially irrespective of any discipline.
Copyright (c) 2021 Lalit Gehlot http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New forms of rental dwelling in contemporary Poland
Aim. The subject of the article are types of rental dwelling in contemporary Poland. The aim of this paper is to present the forms of contemporary living in terms of age groups, way of study or work and financing possibilities of Poles compared to other countries in the world. Methods. The authors of the article present selected new forms of rental dwelling in Poland in context of changes after the collapse of communist system in 1989. The article discusses the present situation of Polish real estate market basing on European statistics. It indicates the problem of limited availability of housing and presents solutions implemented by the government and the private sector market. Results and Conclusion. Poland is one of the European countries with the highest rate of people living in overcrowded apartments or houses. The solutions introduced by the state in order to increase the availability of housing and allowing the alternative to buying a flat, encounter difficulties with spatial planning regulations. In the absence of sufficient support of the government private sector market see its chance for profit in constructing and renting apartments. Cognitive value. The article describes the phenomenon of a growing private rental, that could be a shift in dwelling characteristic of Poles and influence the housing market. It presents new forms of developments, showing the background of their creation.
Copyright (c) 2021 Maciej Wojciech Kowalczyk, Agnieszka Lewandowska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITERARY REALISM IN THE SHAPING OF SLOVAK CULTURE
Aim. The aim of the study is to clarify the internal complexity of the Slovak literary realist discourse and its diverse relations to the heterogeneous artistic, cultural and ideological discourses of the last third of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the appropriation and adaptation of stimuli from other social systems, as well as on the specific literary operations that modify literary realism as an artistic discourse constructing an intelligible world in a cultural sense. Methods. As a theoretical concept, realism is defined as a type of representation or representation technique associated with a set of textual conventions, complex referential and self-referential figures. As a literary-historical discourse and event situated in a particular moment of history, realism is governed by period-specific principles (operating in the mechanism of culture) of selection, evaluating and connecting the phenomena of reality. Only with this dichotomy the multiplicity of paradoxes, syncretism and heterogeneous character of Slovak literary realism can be captured. The theory of social systems (N. Luhmann) allows for a more complex view of realist literature as an autopoietic system in the context of modern society as a system of communications differentiated into a network of separate social subsystems interrelated by the medium of language. Finally, the theory of fictional worlds proposes selective and formative operations that explicate the construction of realist fictional world and the stratification of its functions (B. Fořt). Results. Among the configurational relations of Slovak literary realism, the concept of ideal realism is highlighted as a model of literary aesthetics that flexibly interacted with the discourse of national revival to provide an adequate expression of contemporary Slovak cultural and national interests. Two literary-aesthetic modifications of ideal realism (creative and voluntarist, originated by Svetozár Hurban Vajanský, and deterministic, represented in the prose works of Martin Kukučín) are analysed in detail in order to show the inner complexity of the literary-realist discourse and to manifest its semantic multidimensionality in the 1880s.
Copyright (c) 2021 Milan Kendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transcription of foreign personal names in the written works of learners of Latvian as a foreign language
Aim. The aim of this study is to analyse how personal names are transcribed in the written works of Latvian as foreign language learners, as well as the most typical mistakes when transcribing personal names in other languages, the attitude of students towards the Latvianisation of their personal names, and the experience of Latvian language teachers in teaching the principles of transcribing personal names. Methods. The study uses the corpus analysis method, as well as a survey of students and survey of teachers who teach Latvian as a foreign language. The article includes error analysis of the personal name transcription established in the corpus and the analysis of the survey results. Results and conclusion. It was found out that students mostly know how to transcribe their names in Latvian; less frequently do they know how their surname should be transcribed. Their attitude towards Latvianisation of personal names is various: positive, negative or neutral. Latvian as a foreign language teachers emphasize the principle of transcription of foreign personal names and the need to provide its justification in the study process. It was concluded that further Latvian language acquisition process needs to be focused more on the problems with transcription of foreign personal names. Originality. This study highlights the aspect which is little researched in the applied linguistics – the issued linked to transcription of foreign personal names in the process of learning the Latvian language. The novelty is related to the use of a new resource (error-tagged learner corpus) data.
Copyright (c) 2021 Antra Kļavinska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender, Language and Indian Reality Television: Locating Social Stereotypes and Linguistic Sexism
Aim. The reality genre has gained much popularity in last few years across the globe. In India too, this genre has reportedly surpassed other genres in recognition and acceptance. However, its format and content intrigue controversies at both social and academic level, but its mass appeal gets bigger each day. The study examines gender, language and issues of gendered language in Indian reality show Bigg Boss. While keeping in view the format and claim of the genre, the study observes how under thorough surveillance, housemates negotiate with their real self and grapple with their language practice. Influence of neoliberalism on society, culture and identity has been very much discussed, the paper attempts to highlight how this transitions in gender identity is depicted in a show taking non-actors and common people. Concept. For the purpose of the study, scripted transcription of Bigg Boss (Season 11) has been used, wherein all the episodes of have been watched back and forth carefully, and detailed notes prepared for the analysis. Housemates’ language practice, voice pattern and preference of words and statements have been observed. Results and conclusion. The study finds that game reality show Bigg Boss substantially adheres to social stereotypes and standards and while doing so, it also imitates the language practice prevalent everywhere. Although active participation of women in the show is visible butt while exhibiting their true self, sometimes gender prejudice embedded deep inside also comes out, which in case of men is very frequent. The study concludes that as a globally acclaimed genre, reality show, like other genres, is very much commercialized and consumer oriented. Originality. A number of studies related to reality shows have been conducted, but in Indian context, this genre has been inadequately explored. Also, it is very difficult to find studies focusing any specific season of an Indian reality show, so it would not be incorrect to mention that the present study is one of the primary works on this subject, which aims at making some significant contribution related to this genre, in academia.
Copyright (c) 2021 Sohaib Alam, Shafey Anwarul Haque http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
USING THE ELEMENTS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN THE TEACHING PROCESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ETHNOPEDAGOGY AND ETHNOLOGY
Aim. The presented study aims to briefly present the possibilities of using and implementing elements of traditional culture in the teaching processat primary and secondary schools in Slovakia. It points out all the aspects and factors that enter the educational process when using these elements. Concept. Regional education is beingappliedin the educational environment of schools in order to develop the children with the right stimuli. The aim of including knowledge and partial topics of traditional folk culture in teaching is mainly to motivate students and arouse their interest in the cultural heritage of their ancestorsand country. We use comparative methods to clarify the relationships between ethnology, pedagogy, ethnopedagogy, and their interconnection in the pedagogical process. We define the primary goals of regional education, methods, and forms of teaching regional education, focusing on interactive forms of teaching. Results and conclusion. The values and the importance of traditional culture should be assessed in terms of the functions of education and training ina broader societal perspective.Regional education should make a significant contribution to the transmission of culture in education. The research results indicate the need to implement ethnopedagogy into the current educational process at all levels of education and scientifically verify its success. Research restrictions. The main research problems or limitations are related to the factthat this subdiscipline has not yet received attention in Slovakia. Originality. The paper presents an original view of ethnopedagogy and regional education issues through the lens of ethnology and pedagogy and defines key subjects of interest focusing on Slovak/Central European needs and contexts.
Copyright (c) 2021 Katarína Slobodová Nováková, Mariana Sirotová, Martin Urban, Jerome Boghana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EUROPEAN CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT COURSE FOR ADULT LEARNERS’ SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Aim. This article aims to evaluate the target course created and the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills during the course implementation in six EU countries. Concept. European Cultural Heritage and Skills Development Course is a culture-based blended-learning course created within the framework of the Erasmus+ project “Cultural Knowledge and Language Competences as a Means to Develop 21stCentury Skills” conducted in six EU countries: Croatia, Latvia, Slovenia, Romania, Poland and Czech Republic (Project No.2018-1-HR-01-KA204-047430; 2018-2021). The course content is presented in a form of a story, applying innovative methodologies and tools increasing adult learners’ cultural knowledge and ensuring the skills development. This article focusses on blended-learning in particular, and the course evaluation given by learners and teachers after the course implementation in the six partner countries as well as the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills. Results and conclusion.The results indicate a positive evaluation of the learning platform, the learning methodologies and tasks as well as a positive trend considering the development of learners’ 21st century skills, including the English language competences. Although the results varied from country to country, no extremely significant differences between the evaluation done by learners and the teachers were found, thus the course may be applicable to adult teaching/learning. Practical application.The created blended-learning course may be a viable option for developing adult learners’ 21st century skills and increasing their cultural awareness of the less known EU intangible cultural heritage. Originality.The contribution describes the difference between flipped, hybrid and blended-learning and introduces a novel approach of creating a blended-learning course for adult learners.
Copyright (c) 2021 Ineta Luka http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Analysis of Students’ Opinions about the Social Responsibility Of Ukrainian Universities
Aim. The paper is aimed to investigate the students’ opinion about the social responsibility carried out by higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ukraine. Nowadays social responsibility has become one of the key characteristics of modern HEIs. Ukrainian universities are trying to become 'civic universities', i.e., institutions which contribute to the development of the local community. The students, as key stakeholders of the university activities, also take part in this process. Methods. To investigate the social responsibility of the Ukrainian HEIs, the case study method is used in the present paper: the case of Mariupol State University and its social functions within the city are highlighted. The online survey was applied to investigate the level of students’ awareness of the university social functions and the role played by the university in the local community. Materials published by the university and the results of the survey have been analysed to test the hypothesis that students consider Mariupol State University to be a socially responsible university which cooperates with the local community. Results. The students’ opinion on the social functions carried out by Mariupol State University is that this local university has strong ties with the local community and authorities and perform its social mission. However, the social functions of the university, according to the students, are limited by teaching and research activities. Few students consider social responsibility of the university in a wider context. Conclusion. On the example of the MSU the paper shows that modern universities in Ukraine perform social functions and try to become truly civic universities to contribute to the development of the local communities in cooperation with different stakeholders. Nevertheless, students as a key stakeholder of the university activities still consider social responsibility of the university primarily aimed at teaching and research.
Copyright (c) 2021 Kateryna Tryma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPIRITUALITY AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS OF MOVEMENT ACTIVITIES IN SLOVAKS AND CZECHS
Aim. The present study is focused on exploring of the relationship between spirituality and irrational beliefs particularly in relation to movement activities in Slovakia and Czechia, i.e., helplessness, idealisation, perfectionism, external vulnerability, and negative expectation. Concept. Our research has been focused on the investigation, comparison, and correlation between the level of spirituality and irrational beliefs depending on the frequency of sport activities. Method. The research sample (N = 469) consisted of Slovak and Czech health population aged 18-70 (M = 41.97, SD = 13.14), of which 42.2% were men (N = 198) and 57.8% were women (N = 271). The level of spirituality was identified by means of the Expressions of Spiritual Inventory-Revised – ESI-R (MacDonald, 2000). The irrational beliefs were measured using the Scale of Irrational Beliefs (Kondáš & Kordáčová, 2000). Results. Research results confirmed the differences between the variables of spirituality and irrational beliefs based on the frequency of sports activities. Also, we confirmed the hypothesis of negative correlation between spirituality and irrational beliefs. Conclusion. In our study, we focused on the correlations between irrational beliefs and spirituality in group of Slovak and Czech population. Based on our results we can draw several conclusions. Research results confirmed the differences between the variables of spirituality and irrational beliefs based on frequency of sports activities.
Copyright (c) 2021 IVANA TOMANOVÁ ČERGEŤOVÁ , Patrik Maturkanič, Ľubomír Hlad, YULIA NICKOLAEVNA BIRYUKOVA, MARTÍN José García http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CROSS-CULTURAL TRANSITION CARE IN LITHUANIAN SCHOOLS: SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS' PERSPECTIVES
Aim. The study aims to enrich an understanding of how Lithuanian school psychologists perceive the cross-cultural transitional care in the bridging role they are made to play in their schooling contexts in supporting Cross-Culture Kids (CCK). Methods. The article presents research findings of surveying 200 school psychologists from Lithuania on current practices and challenges Lithuanian schools face in working with CCKs and developing effective and comprehensive school-based Cross-Cultural Transition Care Programmes (CCTCP). Results. The analysis shows that Lithuanian school psychologists are unfamiliar with CCK concepts and do not feel prepared to deliver CCTC service to migrant pupils and families or CCTC training to their peer teacher and school administration. Issues surrounding migrant integration are alien to many, and many see it as irrelevant to their school contexts, regardless of governmental attempts to integrate returning Lithuanian emigrants in recent years. Conclusion. The study shows that cross-cultural dialogues—and thus care support—yet need to find space in Lithuanian schools. Through systematic reconsideration, institutions providing educational support and training to key school actors, such as school psychologists, can be better supported. More approachable forms of implementable resources will allow space for schools to negotiate the extent and speed of their involvement, and also provide an arena for cross-cultural narratives and integration care, as they see fit best in their context.
Copyright (c) 2021 Lingyi Chu, Ruta Ziaunienė http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
English language learning motivation of students at the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania in Miercurea Ciuc
Aim. The present research aims to explore the English language learning motivation of students at the Sapientia University, Faculty of Economics, Socio-Human Sciences and Engineering, Miercurea-Ciuc (Csíkszereda). Method. 103 students took part in the exploratory research where an online questionnaire containing 50 statements was used to find out students’ motivations to learn English, focusing on seven different motivational factors (instrumentality, desire to become a global citizen, ideal foreign language self, desire for self-satisfaction, attitudes towards learning English, cultural integration and ought-to foreign language self). Results and conclusion. Results show that instrumental motivation has a strong effect on the surveyed students as they are highly motivated by the idea of getting a well-paying job with the help of their English language knowledge. Moreover, we also found out that participant students do not want to integrate within a native English-speaking community; they do not want to speak the language as native speakers, they rather aim to become global citizens with English. Cognitive value. The results of this exploratory research might offer valuable insight into students’ language learning motivation. Therefore, the study might be helpful for university teachers to have detailed information and a clearer picture of their students’ language learning motivations.
Copyright (c) 2021 Zsuzsanna Dégi, Orsolya Kovasch http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TEACHING SPOKEN ENGLISH IN SPAIN: CLASSROOM PRACTICES AND TEACHERS´' PERCEPTIONS
Aim. This article presents the results obtained in a qualitative research related to classroom practices and perceptions of teachers of English as a foreign language in Spain. The aim of this study is to present examples of good teaching practices, including the types of resources, materials and assessment used in spoken English teaching. Methods. A qualitative investigation that used ethnographic (non-participant) observation in primary and secondary English classes was implemented in thirty-two schools. Additionally, twenty semi-structured interviews with primary and secondary teachers were conducted. Results and conclusion. The results show significant differences between both applied methods Non-participant observation indicates that spoken communication in English is not practised sufficiently. However, based on interview results, teachers do apply appropriate language learning strategies that could allow them to successfully teach speaking skills in their students. The results imply that in Spain, there are still many teachers and educational institutions that follow the Grammar Translation Method and other traditional methodologies, which still focus primarily on writing skills. However, several examples of good practices and inspiring methodological and motivational strategies have been found throughout this research, which might be considered as a precedent for those that focus on writing approaches. Cognitive value. This article displays an original research supported by University of Oviedo, through which, the reader can approach to the teaching of spoken English in Spain by means of some teachers´ perceptions and examples of good practices.
Copyright (c) 2021 MARTA GARCÍA-SAMPEDRO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Symbolic Capital as a Brand Tool of Sociocultural Life (on the Material of the Northern Cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Aim. The aim of the research is to study the symbolic capital of northern cities (semiotic potential) contained in "urban texts" and the influence of the historical memory of a multiethnic region on the political process of the region and the country as a whole, through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the symbolic space of cities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Methods. The study used the cognitive approach, the method of space-time analysis, and the method of historicism and questionnaire survey. Symbolic space as a text is a heterogeneous content. Results. The results of the study show the importance of a symbolic resource as a brand tool, first, depending on the political context and introduction into the collective memory through a constant "reminder" of its importance and significance in the socio-cultural and everyday life of citizens. The resulting databases of monuments served as the basis for compiling a virtual album of monuments and art objects in the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research results can practically be applied in the field of education, politics, culture, in the study and promotion of the cultural and historical heritage of the regions of Russia. Conclusions. The urgent problem is the task of preserving the accumulated experience and values, places of memory, relics of the past, as well as ideas about the past that are stored in the memory of its inhabitants and the transfer of this knowledge to the younger generation.
Copyright (c) 2021 Irena Khokholova, Natalya Danilova, Marina Kysylbaikova, Kyunney Pestereva, Alina Vasileva, Daryana Maximova, Semyon Dyachkovskiy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON EDUCATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES
Background: The study was conducted in 2017 to know about the effects of militancy on education in the form of dropout from schools, destroyed infrastructure of educational institutions, decrease in literacy rate and to probe out the community perception about education in the context of adverse law and order situation in district Mohmand Agency. The study was significant because Mohmand Agency is the worst terrorist affected area. Objectives: The objectives of the study were examining the factors causing militancy, and to determine the effects of militancy on education in Mohmand Agency. Methodology: For this purpose, 250 sample respondents out of the total population from four selected villages viz Gurbaz, Masood, Sultan Khel and Baro Khel from tehsil Safi and Halimzai were selected. The respondents were randomly interviewed through an interview schedule. Chi-square test was used as statistical instrument to determine the association between education and different factors that cause terrorism. Results: It was found that majority of the respondents were agreed that unemployment, poverty, drone attacks, unidentified Pak-Afghan border were the main factors that caused militancy in the area and had greatly affected the primary and secondary education in the area. Respondents were of the view that brutal activities against Muslims across the globe and presence of NATO forces in the region increased terrorism. Involvement of foreign intelligence agencies in our county and weak national security network to handle terrorist activities properly were the main causes of terrorism. Parents remain worried about their children’s education due to security threats and insufficient schools remaining in the area. Conclusion: It was concluded that due to insecurity, lack of infrastructure and insufficient schools; education in the area under study was greatly affected. The study suggested that bringing of peace and reasonable security measures against militants can rebuild the educational environment in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2021 Sher Nawab, Sami Ullah, Usman Farooq, Muhammad Shafi Malik, Irshad Ghafoor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Controversies and opportunities of two development measures for the advancement of women in Uganda: Formal education and Women entrepreneurship
Aim. The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between formal education and female entrepreneurship in Uganda. This research hopes to contribute to the literature on education and women’s entrepreneurship in this country. Methods. Data is collected from 109 women through semi structured interviews. These are participants from the agribusiness sector and own businesses ranging from market stalls, retail shops to street businesses. Through the iterative process, emerging themes are analysed and discussed. Results. The research finds that formal education programs and macroeconomic policies negatively impact formal education and female entrepreneurship. Macroeconomic policies such as privatisation and the programs of universal formal education do not incentivize students (specifically female ones) to pursue a full formal education, influencing them to leave schools early for necessity entrepreneurship to meet immediate needs. Conclusions. Even though the study indicates that a formal education demonstrates high outcomes in terms of economic growth and development, the education level attained by women entrepreneurs is insufficient to meet true entrepreneurial success. Furthermore, the macroeconomic environment adds to the challenge of successful women entrepreneurship. Originality. Various economic initiatives have been implemented in the quest for gender parity in education and women empowerment in Uganda since its independence. Statistics have demonstrated an increase in women’s education and empowerment through entrepreneurship, however, such data do not necessarily reflect economic development. The results suggest that the relationship between formal education and women entrepreneurship is more complex and nuanced than previously believed.
Copyright (c) 2021 Olga Namasembe, Roser Manzanera Ruiz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0